Design, analysis and remote monitoring of a solar powered orphan oil well pumping system in Nigeria

This thesis explores the issue of orphaned wells, which are abandoned oil and gas wells left uncapped, leading to the release of greenhouse gases, including methane and hydrogen sulphide gas H₂S, which is lethal to humans into the atmosphere. These wells contribute significantly to global warming, as methane is a potent greenhouse gas with a high heat-trapping capability, unfortunately due to it cost an average of 100,000CAD per well for oil well plugging, most oil industry abandon these wells. The research identifies cost-effective strategies to mitigate the impact of abandoned wells using renewable technology, specifically focusing on a comprehensive system sizing approach for Olobiri oil well 17. To address the problem, the study recommends the use of solar-powered pumps to remove the remnants of oil from the wells. PVsyst software is employed to determine the appropriate pump size if the system ran continuously or solar peak hours of the location. The results demonstrate that a 5-hour running time yields higher system efficiency compared to continuous running time. Based on HOMERpro optimization result, a 50kW PV unit and 54.9kW batteries are recommended for the system setup, resulting in improved efficiency and cost-effective option during the 5-hour operation with an overall efficiency of 11.4% and pump efficiency was 37.9% compared to a continuous flow system efficiency of 5%, and the pump efficiency of 11%. For monitoring and data logging purposes, the addition of PLX DAQ aids in real-time monitoring system for the design characteristics such as PV voltage and current, inverter AC output, oil level and temperature. This low-cost data logging system allows for easy maintenance and provides valuable data for further analysis since the PLX DAQ is a Microsoft Excel’s add-on. Also, due to the site location and the specification describing the location, Lora Technology is implemented for real time monitoring, which is independent on the internet network. In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of addressing orphaned wells' environmental impact and proposes a viable solution for capping using renewable technology, particularly solar-powered pumps, to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and the potential hazards posed by abandoned wells

Solar Powered Pump for a Remote Oil Well in Nigeria

Most times, stripper oil wells, i.e. well with a production rate below 15 barrels of oil per day, are dumped by the oil production company because the cost of production and maintenance does not tally with the production rate. This low production from these oil wells is primarily due to oil spillage. Oloibiri oil well in Nigeria is an example of such failure; due to the diminishing production rate in 1960, the oil well became abandoned with an initial oil production rate of 5,100 barrels per day. Eighteen drilled wells are in the Oloibiri oil site, and oil well 17 is only the well that can be described as a stripper well. Due to the high solar irradiance and solar insolation in Nigeria, the PV system is implemented into the methodology and a design of a solar-powered pump that should lift the oil from the depth of 3800m with a flow rate of 15 barrels of oil per day. The system design will be calculated, compared with the PVsyst and HOMER sizing, and the pump performance will be evaluated

Design and Performance Analysis of an Oil Pump Powered by Solar for a Remote Site in Nigeria

Oil companies typically abandon stripper wells with production rates below 15 barrels per day because the production and maintenance cost exceed the pumping rate. Oil spillage is the primary cause of low production rates; an example of such failure is the Oloibiri oil well in Nigeria. During the peak of operation, the flow rate was 5,100 barrels per day in 1960 and was abandoned due to the declining production rate. The Oloibiri oil site has 18 drilled wells, and only the oil well 17 can be classified as stripper well. Because Nigeria has high solar irradiance and insolation, a proper PV system sizing for a solar-powered pump that should lift oil from a depth of 3800 metres at a flow rate of 15 barrels per day is evaluated for two different running times. In that way, the solar-powered pump will be used to solve the ongoing issue of stripper oil wells by curbing oil spillage from the oil wells abandoned by these production companies and rendering a low-cost pumping system. This paper evaluates the pump performance and completes the system design. It compares the system design to the PVsyst and HOMER sizing

INCORPORATING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN URBAN PLANNING: A REVIEW OF POLICIES AND BEST PRACTICES

The increasing global focus on sustainable development has prompted a reevaluation of urban planning strategies, with a particular emphasis on incorporating energy efficiency measures. This paper provides a comprehensive review of policies and best practices aimed at integrating energy-efficient principles into urban planning frameworks. Urbanization is on the rise, and cities play a pivotal role in both economic growth and environmental impact. Recognizing the urgency to mitigate climate change and reduce the ecological footprint of urban areas, policymakers worldwide are adopting measures to enhance energy efficiency in urban planning. This review examines a range of policies implemented across different regions, highlighting successful strategies and lessons learned. Key components of energy-efficient urban planning encompass building design, transportation systems, and infrastructure development. Stringent building codes and standards, coupled with incentives for energy-efficient construction, emerge as effective tools in promoting sustainable architecture. Moreover, the integration of green spaces, renewable energy sources, and smart technologies within urban infrastructure contributes significantly to energy conservation. The review also explores the role of public transportation and the promotion of alternative modes of commuting in reducing carbon emissions. Case studies from cities with successful public transportation initiatives illustrate the positive impact on both energy efficiency and overall urban livability. In addition to policy analysis, this paper delves into best practices employed by cities striving for energy efficiency. Collaboration between local governments, private sectors, and communities emerges as a common thread in successful urban planning initiatives. Furthermore, engaging citizens through awareness campaigns and participatory planning processes fosters a sense of collective responsibility, driving the adoption of sustainable practices. In conclusion, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of energy-efficient urban planning. By examining policies and best practices, it serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, urban planners, and researchers working towards creating more sustainable and resilient cities in the face of growing urbanization and climate change. Keywords: Energy, Urban Planning, Energy Policies, Best Practices, Review